Liquid Templating
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is a popular templating language originally created by and used throughout the web. MESA uses a specialized version of Liquid that makes it easy to use and modify text or variables within your workflows.
Liquid displays dynamic content by combining objects, tags, and filters.
In MESA, an object is created to contain the output for each step when the workflow is run. Each step has a unique key that can be referenced in later steps as a Liquid object. Objects and variables are displayed when enclosed in double curly braces: {{ and }}.
In this case, Liquid is rendering the content of the customer.email property that contains the text jannette.parks@getmesa.com. MESA created the shopify object when a Shopify Order Created trigger with a unique key of shopify has been run.
Tags create the logic and control flow for templates. The curly brace percentage delimiters {% and %} and the text that they surround do not produce any visible output when the template is rendered.
Liquid includes many logical and comparison operators. You can use operators to create logic with control flow tags.
==
equals
!=
does not equal
>
greater than
<
less than
>=
greater than or equal to
<=
less than or equal to
or
logical or
and
logical and
contains checks for the presence of a substring inside a string. contains can also check for the presence of a string in an array of strings. contains can only search strings. You cannot use it to check for an object in an array of objects.
Executes a block of code only if a certain condition is true.
The opposite of if – executes a block of code only if a certain condition is not met.
Adds more conditions within an if or unless block.
Creates a switch statement to execute a particular block of code when a variable has a specified value. case initializes the switch statement, and when statements define the various conditions.
A when tag can accept multiple values. When multiple values are provided, the expression is returned when the variable matches any of the values inside of the tag. Provide the values as a comma-separated list, or separate them using an or operator.
An optional else statement at the end of the case provides code to execute if none of the conditions are met.
By including hyphens in your Liquid tag, you can strip any unneeded whitespace (extra spaces) that may appear. Here is how to make this adjustment:
Allows you to leave un-rendered code inside a Liquid template. Any text within the opening and closing comment blocks will not be printed, and any Liquid code within will not be executed.
Temporarily disables tag processing.
Creates a new named variable.
Repeatedly executes a block of code.
Specifies a fallback case for a for loop which will run if the loop has zero length.
Causes the loop to stop iterating when it encounters the break tag.
Causes the loop to skip the current iteration when it encounters the continue tag.
Filters change the output of a Liquid object or variable. They are used within double curly braces {{ }} and are separated by a pipe character |. Multiple filters can be used on one output, and are applied from left to right.
Returns the absolute value of a number. abs will also work on a string that only contains a number.
Adds the specified string to the end of another string. append can also accept a variable as its argument.
Makes the first character of a string capitalized and converts the remaining characters to lowercase. Only the first character of a string is capitalized, so later words are not capitalized:
Rounds an input up to the nearest whole number. Liquid tries to convert the input to a number before the filter is applied.
Converts a timestamp into another date format.
To get the current time, pass the special word "now" to date. The store's default timezone, which is set in Shopify, will be used.
Modifiers can be added to now to get a specific time in the past or future:
Yesterday
Two months from now
Valid units of time: year, month, day, hour, minute, second.
%a
Sun
Weekday as locale’s abbreviated name.
%A
Sunday
Weekday as locale’s full name.
%w
0
Weekday as a decimal number, where 0 is Sunday and 6 is Saturday.
%d
08
Day of the month as a zero-padded decimal number.
%-d
8
Day of the month as a decimal number. (Platform specific)
%b
Sep
Month as locale’s abbreviated name.
%B
September
Month as locale’s full name.
%m
09
Month as a zero-padded decimal number.
%-m
9
Month as a decimal number. (Platform specific)
%y
13
Year without century as a zero-padded decimal number.
%Y
2013
Year with century as a decimal number.
%H
07
Hour (24-hour clock) as a zero-padded decimal number.
%-H
7
Hour (24-hour clock) as a decimal number. (Platform specific)
%I
07
Hour (12-hour clock) as a zero-padded decimal number.
%-I
7
Hour (12-hour clock) as a decimal number. (Platform specific)
%p
AM
Locale’s equivalent of either AM or PM.
%M
06
Minute as a zero-padded decimal number.
%-M
6
Minute as a decimal number. (Platform specific)
%S
05
Second as a zero-padded decimal number.
%-S
5
Second as a decimal number. (Platform specific)
%f
000000
Microsecond as a decimal number, zero-padded to 6 digits.
%z
+0000
UTC offset in the form ±HHMM[SS[.ffffff]] (empty string if the object is naive).
%Z
UTC
Time zone name (empty string if the object is naive).
%j
251
Day of the year as a zero-padded decimal number.
%-j
251
Day of the year as a decimal number. (Platform specific)
%U
36
Week number of the year (Sunday as the first day of the week) as a zero-padded decimal number. All days in a new year preceding the first Sunday are considered to be in week 0.
%-U
36
Week number of the year (Sunday as the first day of the week) as a decimal number. All days in a new year preceding the first Sunday are considered to be in week 0. (Platform specific)
%W
35
Week number of the year (Monday as the first day of the week) as a zero-padded decimal number. All days in a new year preceding the first Monday are considered to be in week 0.
%-W
35
Week number of the year (Monday as the first day of the week) as a decimal number. All days in a new year preceding the first Monday are considered to be in week 0. (Platform specific)
%c
Sun Sep 8 07:06:05 2013
Locale’s appropriate date and time representation.
%x
09/08/13
Locale’s appropriate date representation.
%X
07:06:05
Locale’s appropriate time representation.
%%
%
A literal '%' character.
Sets a default value for any variable with no assigned value. default will show its value if the input is nil, false, or empty.
Divides a number by another number.
Makes each character in a string lowercase. It has no effect on strings which are already all lowercase.
Escapes a string by replacing characters with escape sequences (so that the string can be used in a URL, for example). It doesn’t change strings that don’t have anything to escape.
Escapes a string without changing existing escaped entities. It doesn’t change strings that don’t have anything to escape.
Returns the first item of an array.
Rounds an input down to the nearest whole number. Liquid tries to convert the input to a number before the filter is applied.
Combines the items in an array into a single string using the argument as a separator.
Returns the last item of an array.
Removes all whitespace (tabs, spaces, and newlines) from the left side of a string. It does not affect spaces between words.
Creates an array of values by extracting the values of a named property from another object.
Subtracts a number from another number.
Returns the remainder of a division operation.
Inserts an HTML line break (<br />) in front of each newline () in a string.
Adds a number to another number.
Adds the specified string to the beginning of another string.
Removes every occurrence of the specified substring from a string.
Removes only the first occurrence of the specified substring from a string.
Replaces every occurrence of the first argument in a string with the second argument.
Replaces only the first occurrence of the first argument in a string with the second argument.
Reverses the order of the items in an array. reverse cannot reverse a string.
Rounds a number to the nearest integer or, if a number is passed as an argument, to that number of decimal places.
Removes all whitespace (tabs, spaces, and newlines) from the right side of a string. It does not affect spaces between words.
Returns the number of characters in a string or the number of items in an array.
Returns a substring of one character or series of array items beginning at the index specified by the first argument. An optional second argument specifies the length of the substring or number of array items to be returned. String or array indices are numbered starting from 0. If the first argument is a negative number, the indices are counted from the end of the string.
Sorts items in an array in case-sensitive order.
Divides a string into an array using the argument as a separator. split is commonly used to convert comma-separated items from a string to an array.
Removes all whitespace (tabs, spaces, and newlines) from both the left and right sides of a string. It does not affect spaces between words.
Removes any HTML tags from a string.
Removes any newline characters (line breaks) from a string.
Multiplies a number by another number.
Shortens a string down to the number of characters passed as an argument. If the specified number of characters is less than the length of the string, an ellipsis (…) is appended to the string and is included in the character count.
truncate takes an optional second argument that specifies the sequence of characters to be appended to the truncated string. By default this is an ellipsis (…), but you can specify a different sequence.
Shortens a string down to the number of words passed as an argument. If the specified number of words is less than the number of words in the string, an ellipsis (…) is appended to the string.
truncatewords takes an optional second argument that specifies the sequence of characters to be appended to the truncated string. By default this is an ellipsis (…), but you can specify a different sequence.
Removes any duplicate items in an array.
Makes each character in a string uppercase. It has no effect on strings which are already all uppercase.
Decodes a string that has been encoded as a URL.
Converts any URL-unsafe characters in a string into percent-encoded characters. Note that url_encode will turn a space into a + sign instead of a percent-encoded character.
Creates an array including only the objects with a given property value, or any truthy value by default.